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Artificial intelligence and real ethics
Human skills, trust and ethics must be at the centre of EU efforts to protect competitiveness and society in response to artificial intelligence (AI), audience members heard at a Friends of Europe event on 26 September 2024. The Forum debate ‘AI & Society 2024: promises and perils in the next EU mandate’ considered how EU regulation can help to promote the democratic development of AI without sidelining workers or the public interest.
“Companies innovating have a responsibility to innovate based on ethical principles,” said Jens-Henrik Jeppesen, Senior Director for Corporate Affairs, EMEA & APJ at Workday.
Participants met to discuss how to navigate the intersection of AI and society, at a time when EU policymakers have stepped up to ensure AI is developed responsibly, under the EU AI Act.
This legislation is “the first generation of trying to apply democracy to technology,” said Paul Nemitz, Principal Adviser on Digital Transition in the Directorate General on Justice and Consumer Policies in the European Commission.
There is a need for more stringent regulation to preserve trust, autonomy and dignity for humans working with AI across different levels of the labour market, participants heard.
“AI should not be an isolated, standalone aspect of technology,” said Hugues Moussy, Head of the Intelligence Unit at the European Training Foundation (ETF). This means understanding the likely evolution of skills needs in the workplace – and using AI to help us do this.
A holistic view on skills is essential not just in the face of AI. The digital and green transitions, along with an ageing population, means workers’ skills will be changing regardless of AI developments.
Priorities include making training more relevant to workers, for instance upskilling and reskilling adults, as well as attracting and retaining talent. Designing infrastructure programmes to help women and other vulnerable groups integrate digital needs and skills.
Do machines understand how people vote?
Building trust is particularly difficult because AI is blamed for the development and spread of fake news, warned Lindsay Gorman,Managing Director & Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States’ Technology Program. “Even a cheap fake puts doubt in your mind,” she explained. “AI arrives in a very precarious environment. We can’t trust our own eyes and ears.”
Sam Jeffers, Executive Director, Who Targets Me and Co-Founder, Join Together, remindedparticipants of the need to understand how humans receive and believe information, rather than blaming AI for electoral trends and threats to democracy. “People who stoke fears of AI need to reevaluate how they think elections and democracy work,” he said.
What is more, the skills employers most want today include teambuilding and communication, said El Iza Mohamedou, Head of the OECD Centre for Skills. “The more we look at machines, the more we need human skills.”
Public and private in partnership
The importance of human skills and the unpredictability of human actions, particularly in the face of AI, shows why it is vital to develop AI “with public interest at its core,” said Max Reddel,Advanced AI Director at the International Center for Future Generations. “Don’t put the public on the sidelines. They need to be in the room where AI decisions are made, in real-time.”
This is particularly important because the attitude in the private tech industry can seem to be deeply disrespectful of democracy.
There is a need for “an experimental approach to governance, a collaborative architecture,” agreed Abigail Gilbert, Co-Director at the Institute for the Future of Work. This “joined up” approach to regulation has begun in the UK already, she said.
A national skills strategy published by Luxembourg in 2023 included “lots of discussion with stakeholders from the start to make sure everyone was on board,” saidVéronique Schaber, Deputy Head of the Vocational Training Department at the Ministry of Education, Children and Youth of Luxembourg.
In an era during which technological advancements are reshaping every facet of life, the intersection of AI and society presents both profound opportunities and significant challenges.
Two cornerstones of modern society where it is essential that trust is regained and nurtured are work and democracy. The AI & Society Forum 2024 began to shed light on how smart regulation, innovative collaboration and EU-inspired values can build on these cornerstones.
Seizing the opportunities of AI and overcoming the challenges means working together, regulating ethically and building trust – between voters and institutions, people and machines.
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Schedule
Unprecedented technological advancements, particularly with those of artificial intelligence (AI), are set to fundamentally transform our relationship with work. The interplay between AI and the workplace marks the onset of a new era for employment, skill development and workplace culture.
We are already seeing routine tasks becoming increasingly automated, freeing up valuable time for creative and strategic endeavours. Alongside these promising developments, the integration of AI in the workplace inevitably poses challenges. Europe’s ability to capitalise on AI for fostering trust, cohesion and productivity gains is at stake. The 2024 Digital Decade report cautions that indicators such as AI adoption by enterprises and ICT specialist workforce are not on track to reach 2030 targets and issues recommendations to Member States to accelerate progress.
In the context of the new EU mandate, which will be crucial for Europe’s digital transformation, as well as the newly announced at the G7 Summit in June, this panel will explore how AI is reshaping job roles and the very nature of work. It will delve into practical strategies to prepare employees across sectors and hierarchies by responding to new skills demands and using various incentives.
Some of the questions this panel will address are:
- Which ways can AI be leveraged to enhance productivity, creativity and strategic thinking in the workplace without compromising job security and employee well-being?
- How can policymakers, enterprises and educational institutions collaborate to address the current gaps in digital skills and adoption of AI and prepare the workforce for an AI-driven future?
- What specific incentives, as well as soft and hard skills for employees, should be prioritised and what measures can be implemented?
- How can employers empower their employees to upskill and reskill and bring underrepresented groups into the workforce?
- How can organisations use AI technology to drive skills-based employment practices?
Speakers
Abigail Gilbert
Co-Director at the Institute for the Future of Work
Jens-Henrik Jeppesen
Senior Director for Corporate Affairs, EMEA & APJ at Workday
El Iza Mohamedou
Head of the OECD Centre for Skills
Hugues Moussy
Head of the Intelligence Unit at the European Training Foundation (ETF)
Véronique Schaber
Deputy Head of the Vocational Training Department at the Ministry of Education, Children and Youth of Luxembourg
Moderated by
Dharmendra Kanani
Chief Operating Officer and Chief Spokesperson of Friends of Europe
Recognising the potential benefits and inherent risks of AI, collaborative efforts between the EU and the US are increasingly important, especially in the context of democratic integrity. The Technology and Trade Council (TTC) meeting held in April 2024, highlighted the progress made, particularly by reflecting a shared commitment to leveraging AI for safeguarding democratic elections. This includes developing tools to ensure transparency, prevent manipulation, and foster public trust in the electoral process.
As the influence of AI in elections grows, the need for robust international regulatory frameworks becomes more pressing. These frameworks must enhance digital literacy, empowering citizens to make informed decisions that uphold democratic values.
With 2024 being a key election year around the world, the role of AI in democratic processes and our ability to effectively regulate it becomes one of the key issues of our time. Ongoing dialogue and cooperative policy-making between major global actors is of the utmost importance in aiming to ensure that AI is used responsibly to enhance the integrity and transparency of democratic systems worldwide.
- Considering the increasing role of AI in electoral processes, what are the expected challenges for cooperation in implementing regulations to safeguard democratic elections?
- What potential effects could the outcomes of the 2024 EU and US elections have on the development and enforcement of AI regulations, and how might these changes influence the integrity of democratic processes?
- What specific measures can be implemented to enhance digital literacy among citizens?
Speakers
Lindsay Gorman
Managing Director & Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States’ Technology Program
Sam Jeffers
Executive Director, Who Targets Me and Co-Founder, Join Together
Paul Nemitz
Principal Adviser on Digital Transition in the Directorate General on Justice and Consumer Policies in the European Commission
Max Reddel
Advanced AI Director at the International Center for Future Generations
Moderated by
Dharmendra Kanani
Chief Operating Officer and Chief Spokesperson of Friends of Europe
Speakers

Co-Director at the Institute for the Future of Work
Abigail Gilbert is the Co-Director of the Institute for the Future of Work (IFOW). IFOW is a research and development institute with a mission to build a fairer future through better work. She ensures that our research is designed to deliver strategic and impactful change. Before joining IFOW, Gilbert spent a decade in research, across academic, think tank and public sector contexts.

Managing Director & Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States’ Technology Program
Lindsay Gorman is the Managing Director & Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund of the United States’ Technology Program. Her work has focused on US-China technology competition, including AI policy, quantum information, advanced telecommunications, cybersecurity, transatlantic information and democratic responses to autocratic technology interference. Previously, Lindsay served as a senior adviser for the Biden White House, where she crafted and led US technology initiatives and national security strategy. Lindsay currently serves as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Truman National Security Project. She regularly delivers briefs and keynote addresses across the Atlantic on China’s digital technologies and how to build democratic approaches to emerging technologies.

Executive Director, Who Targets Me and Co-Founder, Join Together
Sam is the co-founder of Who Targets Me, a company that produces software to help people understand how political campaigns use paid advertising to win votes. He also runs Join Together, software which makes it easier for people to join trade unions. Previously, he spent 7 years at Blue State Digital (the agency that helped elect President Obama in 2008 and 2012) as UK Managing Director. He holds a First Class degree in International Relations from LSE and a Master’s in Public Policy from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.

Senior Director for Corporate Affairs, EMEA & APJ at Workday
Jens-Henrik Jeppesen works as Senior Director for Corporate Affairs for the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) & Asia-Pacific-Japan (APJ) regions at Workday. His work focuses on managing Workday’s relationships with policymakers and engaging on public policy issues affecting Workday across the two regions. As part of his role, Jeppesen also leads Workday’s engagement on AI policy and regulation across EMEA. Throughout his career, he has worked on European and international technology policy in a variety of roles. Previously, Jeppesen managed the European office of the Center for Democracy and Technology and previously led EMEA Government Affairs teams at Intel Corp. and Dell.

Head of the OECD Centre for Skills
El Iza Mohamedou is the Head of the OECD Centre for Skills, which supports countries to achieve better economic and social outcomes by taking a whole-of-government approach and engaging with stakeholders to develop and implement better skills policies. Mohamedou has more than 30 years of international experience working in the field and at headquarters with various international organisations and in the private sector.

Head of the Intelligence Unit at the European Training Foundation (ETF)
Hugues Moussy is the Head of the Intelligence Unit at the European Training Foundation (ETF). With over two decades of experience in international development, he has held roles at UNESCO, the World Bank, and various government institutions, focusing on global education and human capital development. He has extensive field experience across Africa, Central Asia and Europe, leading research, providing policy advice, facilitating capacity-building initiatives, and promoting education reforms. Recent publications include “COVID-19 and the Global Education Emergency: Planning Systems for Recovery and Resilience” (2020), “Medical Topography as an Instrument of Colonial Management in French Algeria 1830–71” (2020), and “Demographic Change and Implications for Education Policy” (2018).

Principal Adviser on Digital Transition in the Directorate General on Justice and Consumer Policies in the European Commission
Paul Nemitz is the Principal Adviser on Digital Transition in the Directorate General on Justice and Consumer Policies in the European Commission. His responsibilities cover the triangle between democracy, the rule of law and technology. He was the lead Director for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Whistleblower Protection Directive. Nemitz is a visiting Professor at the College of Europe in Brugges where he teaches AI and data protection law. His latest books are Critical Reflections on Constitutional Democracy in the European Union and its Member States (2019, with S. Garben and I. Govaere), Prinzip Mensch – Macht, Freiheit und Demokratie im Zeitalter der Künstlichen Intelligenz (2020, with Matthias Pfeffer) and The Human Imperative – Power, Freedom and Democracy in the age of Artificial Intelligence (2023, with Matthias Pfeffer). Nemitz lives between Brussels, Rome and Berlin.

Advanced AI Director at the International Center for Future Generations
Max Reddel is the director of Advanced AI Programme at the International Center for Future Generations. His research and policy initiatives focus on multilateral AI collaboration, institutional design, and geopolitics of advanced AI. With a diverse academic background encompassing AI, policy analysis, sociology, philosophy, and cognitive science, Max offers a transdisciplinary approach, incorporating many different ways of thinking about AI’s possible trajectories and potential impact. Previously, Max was the Lead on Deep Uncertainty at the Odyssean Institute, focusing on societal resilience and modelling and simulation of complex socio-technical systems.

Deputy Head of the Vocational Training Department at the Ministry of Education, Children and Youth of Luxembourg
Véronique Schaber currently serves as Deputy Head of the Vocational Training Department at the Ministry of Education, Children and Youth of Luxembourg. Previously, she progressed through various roles, including professor and management positions at Lycée technique des Arts et Métiers where she served as Assistant Director and later Director. Her work focuses on quality development in social work and leadership in vocational training. Schaber is also involved in several boards, including the National Institute for the Development of Continuing Vocational Training (INFPC).
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