Europe-China Forum: 50 Years of diplomacy – Advancing EU-China relations in an era of globalisation

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Friends of Europe Europe-China Forum: 50 years of diplomacy 2024

What happened?

Speakers at the Europe-China Forum: 50 Years of diplomacy – Advancing EU-China relations in an era of globalisation, came together in Brussels to discuss moving forward with trade and diplomatic ties, as new European Commission and Parliament officials prepare to take office.  

EU-China partnership should boost climate action 

Climate change mitigation should play a greater role in EU-China policy, the audience heard at the Friends of Europe policy forumon 21 November 2024.  

“China and Europe are two great civilizations advocating for diversity,” said Ambassador Cai Run, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Head of Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the European Union. The Paris Agreement on climate change, as well as the WTO and WTO reform, are opportunities for the EU and China to work together “to build a community with a shared future for all mankind,” he said. 

A shared future, said Ambassador Jorge Toledo, Ambassador of the European Union to China, should include China “contributing to climate financing of developing countries.” When it comes to climate change, “we would like China to be more ambitious Toledo stated.  

Tomáš Petříček, Former Czech minister of Foreign Affairs and 2020-2021 European Young Leader (EYL40), told participants that “we are now expecting more from China on climate mitigation.” 

“We need EU-China climate cooperation, that’s a fact,” said Angeline Sanzay Policy Advisor EU-China climate diplomacy at E3G. This can include Europe offering a significant market for Chinese clean technology. 

Trust in diplomacy 

“The most important task now is to build strategic trust,” said Jin Ling, Director and Senior Research Fellow at the ChinaInstituteofInternationalStudies’ Department for European Studies (CIIS). 

Next year will mark the 50th anniversary of EU-China diplomatic relations. The Forum aimed to create sustainable trade relations and advance multilateralism, amid political divergences between Brussels and Beijing. 

For major challenges such as the war in Ukraine, Europe needs to build “an objective understanding of China’s position,” cautioned Wang Wen, Dean & Professor at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China. 

The incoming European Commission “would be well advised to change its blunt strategy to something more sophisticated,” suggested John Alistair Clarke, Former EU trade negotiator and Head of the EU Delegation to the WTO and UN. 

A new Trump presidency will now do everything it can to prevent the EU and China from reopening talks around the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), predicted Gao Zhikai Vice President of the Centre for China and Globalization (CCG) “We need to scramble into action.” This means facing a difficult target of getting the CAI signed between now and January 2025. 

Kickstarting the ratification of the CAI, after seven years in which talks have been blocked at European Parliament level, should be a priority for the incoming von der Leyen Commission, because it would be a sign of rebuilding trust, said Gerhard Stahl, Visiting professor at the Peking University HSBC Business School and former secretary-general of the Committee of the Regions. 

Donald Trump’s victory in the US is an additional warning that “unmanaged globalisation” has alienated voters, participants heard. 

A lens of optimism 

Simply being able to organise the EU-China Forum “shows warm spirit in this cold winter,” said Tang Heng, Ambassador at the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 

Referring to President Trump’s promises to Make America Great Again, Cui Hongjian, Director at the Center for the European Union and Regional Development Studies, and Professor of the Academy of Regional and Global Governance at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU), suggested the EU and China should “Make Cooperation Great Again.” 

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Schedule

Schedule

Registration of on-site participants
SESSION I – Dialogue and cooperation under the current international environment
Expand SESSION I – Dialogue and cooperation under the current international environment

Over the last decades, dialogue and cooperation have been recurring themes in EU-China relations, albeit with varying levels of intensity. In the current climate of heightened geopolitical tensions, collaboration remains crucial on global issues such as climate change, development finance, and artificial intelligence (AI). Despite the complexities in the EU-China relationship, there are avenues where productive dialogue can occur. For instance, climate action presents an opportunity for renewing cooperation. Sino-European dialogues on climate action started in 2005 with the issue of the ‘EU and China Partnership on Climate Change’. High-Level Environment and Climate Dialogues have convened cabinets for several years, with the last meeting happening in June 2024.

Similarly, AI regulation remains a challenging yet necessary field for cooperation. Despite existing dialogues at both high and technical levels, differences in regulatory approaches impact the collaboration between the two sides.

This session will delve into how EU-China collaboration can be strengthened in these critical sectors, evaluating the current limitations and exploring new areas for dialogue.

  • How can the EU and China enhance their cooperation on climate action despite geopolitical tensions?
  • What concrete steps can be taken to go from high-level dialogue to concrete climate action commitments?
  • In what ways can the EU and China reconcile their differing approaches to AI regulation, and what collaborative frameworks could be established to address mutual concerns?
  • Can the EU play a role in US-China relations given the recent developments in both EU and US politics?

Speakers

Tang Heng

Ambassador at the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Jin Ling

Director and Senior Research Fellow at the China Institute of International Studies’ Department for European Studies (CIIS)

Tomáš Petříček

Former Czech minister of Foreign Affairs and 2020-2021 European Young Leader (EYL40)

Angeline Sanzay

Policy Advisor EU-China climate diplomacy at E3G

Wang Wen

Dean & Professor at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China

Coffee Break
SESSION II – Navigating trade relations in a globalised world
Expand SESSION II – Navigating trade relations in a globalised world

Over the past 50 years, EU-China relations have oscillated between periods of growth and mutually beneficial trade relations, especially in recent years. Initially, Europe sought closer trade ties with China, recognising the strategic importance of the relationship. However, the last decade has highlighted the EU’s increasing dependency on China, prompting the adoption of a de-risking strategy to diversify its supply chain and address the growing trade deficit. The EU’s three-pronged position on China – sees it as a cooperation partner, economic competitor and systemic rival – marked a turning point in 2019. This shift, coupled with complex political dynamics due to the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing war in Ukraine, has added layers of complexity to EU-China trade relations.

The Comprehensive Agreement on Investment was finalised in 2020 but has yet to be ratified, exemplifying the fluctuating nature of current economic relations. The EU-China relationship is further complicated by varying degrees of stability among individual EU member states, some being more tied and engaged to China than others. Trade frictions over electric vehicles have sparked a lot of debate and raised questions about the direction EU-China trade relations should take.

Considering the current climate of EU-China relations, and in the context of the US Presidential elections, this session will explore strategies to deescalate EU-China economic tensions and promote mutual benefits for both sides in an uncertain global geo-economic context.

  • Reflecting on the last 50 years, what experiences can be learned and what lessons can be drawn to improve EU-China economic relations considering the historical management of this partnership?
  • What practical recommendations can be made to avoid escalating trade tensions, and what future can we expect for the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment?
  • How can the recent US elections impact EU-China economic relations?

Speakers

John Alistair Clarke

Former EU trade negotiator and Head of the EU Delegation to the WTO and UN

Cui Hongjian

Director at the Center for the European Union and Regional Development Studies, and Professor of the Academy of Regional and Global Governance at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU)

Gerhard Stahl

Visiting professor at the Peking University HSBC Business School and former secretary-general of the Committee of the Regions

Gao Zhikai

Vice President of the Centre for China and Globalization (CCG)

Lunch
Speakers

Speakers

Cui Hongjian
Cui Hongjian

Director at the Center for the European Union and Regional Development Studies, and Professor of the Academy of Regional and Global Governance at Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU)

Show more information on Cui Hongjian

Dr Cui Hongjian has long been engaged in research in international relations, European affairs and Chinese diplomacy. In his former role, Cui directed and oversaw all research projects of the Department of European Studies of the China Institute of International Studies. He has been associated with the CIIS for over two decades. Cui is also a Member of the China Economic and Social Council, Vice-President of the Council of the Chinese Association of European Studies and the Executive Director of the European Studies Center at the China Foundation for International Studies.

Jin Ling
Jin Ling

Director and Senior Research Fellow at the China Institute of International Studies’ Department for European Studies (CIIS)

Show more information on Jin Ling

Jin Ling has considerable expertise in issues of EU integration and China-EU relations, and has published many papers in this regard. She has previously served as chair of a research project on China-EU-Africa relations, and since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative, she has focused her research largely on this strategy. Her “Comparative Study between BRI and Marshall Plan” and “Synergies between the Belt and Road Initiative and 2030 SDGs” publications have drawn wide attention among scholars from both in China and abroad.

Tomas Petříček
Tomáš Petříček

Former Czech minister of Foreign Affairs and 2020-2021 European Young Leader (EYL40)

Show more information on Tomáš Petříček

Tomáš Petříček is a Senior Non-Residential Fellow at the Centre of Global Political Economy at the IIR in Prague. He is also the Director of the Progressive Analytical Centre, a Prague-based think tank, and a Member of the Board of Trustees of the Boris Nemtsov Foundation for Freedom. He previously served as the Czech minister of foreign affairs. His research interests lie in the area of international political economy, new technologies and development, societal resilience, global environmental politics and climate diplomacy. 

Cai Run
Ambassador Cai Run

Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and Head of Mission of the People's Republic of China to the European Union

Show more information on Ambassador Cai Run

Cai Run is the current Chinese Ambassador to the European Union. Previously, he held several posts in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including minister counsellor at the Embassy of China in the United States, Deputy director-general at the Policy Research Department, director-general at the Policy Planning Department, and ambassador of China to Portugal and Israel.  

John Alistaire Clarke
John Alistair Clarke

Former EU trade negotiator and Head of the EU Delegation to the WTO and UN

Show more information on John Alistair Clarke

John A Clarke is a Fellow at Maastricht University’s Institute of Globalisation, a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society and a member of the Travellers Club London and the Club Diplomatique de Belgique. Until earlier this year John was Director for International Trade negotiations at the European Commission, and is a former Head of the EU Delegation to the WTO and UN in Geneva.
Clarke was an official of the Hong Kong Government from 1983 to 1993 and has over thirty five years experience conducting international negotiations. He is also on the editorial board of the Journal of International Trade Law and Regulation and writes and lectures regularly around the world on trade, political and cultural topics. He is also Special Adviser on Trade for the Brussels-based public affairs consultancy FIPRA.

Angeline Sanzay
Angeline Sanzay

Policy Advisor EU-China climate diplomacy at E3G

Show more information on Angeline Sanzay

Angeline works on developing concise analyses of EU and Chinese climate policy and politics, and the impact of European and Chinese domestic politics on international climate diplomacy. She focuses on opportunities for bilateral climate cooperation between China, the EU and the US. Before joining E3G, Angeline worked as a Junior Professional in Delegation and Political Officer for the European Economic and Trade Office in Taiwan, where she led the political dialogue on climate and environment and oversaw EU-China relations. Prior to that, Angeline worked for the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Climate Action on the early stages of the European Green Deal.

Gerhard Stahl
Gerhard Stahl

Visiting professor at the Peking University HSBC Business School and former secretary-general of the Committee of the Regions

Show more information on Gerhard Stahl

Gerhard Stahl is a visiting professor at the Peking University HSBC Business School in Shenzhen. He previously worked as an economist at the German Ministry of Finance and was Director-General at the Economic Ministry of a German Federal State government. Later, he worked in leading positions at the European Parliament and European Commission in regional policy and as Deputy Head of Cabinet of the Economic and Monetary Affairs CommissionerHe is a member of the scientific council of the European Foundation for Progressive Studies and was a member of the administrative board of the Ifo Institute, one of the leading economic research institutes in Europe.  He is the author of many publications on economic and international policy issues, including a book on EU-China relations.  

Photo of Ambassador Jorge Toledo
Ambassador Jorge Toledo

Ambassador of the European Union to China

Show more information on Ambassador Jorge Toledo

Ambassador Jorge Toledo Albiñana is a career diplomat from Spain. After taking his degree in law and entering the Diplomatic School in Spain, he joined the Spanish Foreign Service. Since then, except for three years in Senegal where he was Spanish Ambassador, his career has been devoted to European Union Affairs. Among other posts, he has served as Spanish Secretary of State for the European Union and European Affairs. In Asia, he has previously been posted to India and Japan before arriving in China to his current posting as the Ambassador of the European Union to China.

Wang Wen
Wang Wen

Dean & Professor at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China

Show more information on Wang Wen

Wang Wen is a professor at the Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies and is also the Secretary-General of the Green Finance Committee of China Society for Finance and Banking, and Researcher of the Financial Research Center of the Counsellor Office of the State Council. He was once the Chief Op-eds Editor of Global Times, and has authored, co-authored, translated and contributed to more than 30 books.  

Victor Gao
Gao Zhikai

Vice President of the Centre for China and Globalization (CCG)

Show more information on Gao Zhikai

Gao Zhikai has extensive experience in government, diplomacy and securities regulation, most notably working as Deng Xiaoping’s English interpreter in the 1980s and serving as the China policy advisor at the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission. Gao’s prior investment banking and corporate management experience includes senior positions with Morgan Stanley Asia, the China International Capital Corporation (CICC) and Daiwa Securities, as well as the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC).

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